Geometry Asymmetric hypertrophy out of proportion to hypertension Concentric remodeling or hypertrophy Symmetric LV hypertrophy that is proportional to exercise training ECG T-wave inversion and ...

Aim Differentiating physiological cardiac hypertrophy from pathology is challenging when the athlete presents with extreme anthropometry. While upper normal limits exist for maximal left ventricular ...

or if the patient has evidence of impaired LV function or severe LV hypertrophy. We should also emphasize that implantation of a small prosthesis does not necessarily result in PPM, and can be ...