Thokozani Simelane and Lavhelesani R. Managa, Belt and Road Initiative: Alternative Development Path for Africa (Pretoria: Africa Institute of South Africa, 2018) Md. Nazrul Islam, ed., Silk Road to ...

The initiative spearheaded by the Chinese government and endorsed by President Xi Jinping in late 2013 aims to improve trade and economic integration across Asia, Europe, and Africa.

Positioned as an alternative to China’s BRI, IMEC has been challenged by a dramatic geopolitical shock soon after its announcement. So far, only India and the UAE have taken initial steps by signing ...

China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is steadily expanding ... and partnerships across sectors in the Middle East and Africa. Disclaimer: This article is provided for informational purposes only.

But China’s Belt and Road Initiative, launched a decade ... either by rivals in the West or by conflict. In Africa, the initiative covers almost the entire continent, with the exception of ...

The Chinese Communist Party's signature Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), once heralded as a transformative force in global infrastructure development, has devolved into a cautionary tale of failed ...