In fluorescence microscopy, this ON/OFF separation principle ... If molecules are separated using bright light spots and ...

To use a light microscope to examine animal or plant cells ... when looking down the microscope if the illumination is too bright. Care must be taken when using microscope stains.

This diffraction causes the light to form a diffraction pattern, known as the Airy disk, at the focal plane of the microscope. The Airy disk consists of a central bright spot surrounded by concentric ...

In light microscopy this is achieved by using ... This makes the scattering regions appear dark on a bright background. Unfortunately there is no analogue of Zernike phase shifters in TEM.

To use a light microscope to examine animal or plant cells ... when looking down the microscope if the illumination is too bright. Care must be taken when using microscope stains.