In 944, Sayf al-Dawla established himself as the head of the independent Hamdanid Emirate of Aleppo. Sayf’s rule over his ...

The famous helmet from the ship burial at Sutton Hoo in England may be evidence that Anglo-Saxon warriors fought as mercenaries for the Byzantine Empire in the sixth century, a new study finds.

For the Eastern Roman Empire -- known to us as "Byzantine" -- the Danube was a critical military and political frontier. In the disastrous seventh century this frontier was overwhelmed by invading ...

Dumbarton Oaks/Cambridge, Ma.: Harvard University Press, 2008 . Pp. xv, 381 . Illus., map, diagr., notes, biblio., index . $19.95 paper. ISBN:0884023397 Originally ...