as mitral stenosis worsens and the mitral valve area decreases, right heart pressures increase to maintain cardiac output across the stenotic valve with a pressure gradient between the left atrium ...

The pathophysiologic changes caused by a calcified aortic valve are the same as those caused by other forms of aortic stenosis and are related to the pressure gradient that develops between the ...

as mitral stenosis worsens and the mitral valve area decreases, the left atrial pressure increases to try to force more blood into the left ventricle. A pressure gradient develops between the left ...