Faced with the intransigence of the Senate, Caesar and the 13th Legion cross the Rubicon, the official border between Gaul and Italy, a decision that will lead to civil war. 49 B.C. As Caesar ...

New York & Oxford: Osprey Bloomsbury, 2023. pp. 144. Illus., maps, chron., personae, biblio., index. $20.00 paper. ISBN: 1472855078 A Very Good Overview of the Roman ...

In January, 49 BC, he led his troops across the Rubicon River into Italy and started civil war. Caesar scored some early victories and, by 46 BC, was dictator of Rome. After a year spent ...

His prospects were bleak: Rome was dangerous, engulfed by civil war between power-hungry factions. One of these was led by his great-uncle, Julius Caesar. Then Augustus got a lucky break.

49 B.C.E. Caesar’s men followed their general, even if it meant civil war against their fellow citizens. Some may have believed Caesar’s claim that he was defending not just his honor ...

In addition to his military and political achievements, in his lifetime Caesar (100-44 B.C.) was a rather noted author and scholar, considered an outstanding stylist, producing works on the Latin ...

The 1st century BC marked the last days of the Roman Republic and creation of the province of Lusitania as part of the ...

following their win over Pompey in the latest civil war. During a time of celebration, we find the likes of Brutus, Cassius, and Caska, growing weary of their ally, Julius Caesar. As trust begins ...