VPNs promise security and anonymity for online activities, but how do they do this? At the centre of VPNs are their encryption protocols. A Virtual Private Network is a service that provides anonymity ...

Martin Barraud / Getty Images Fixed costs, variable costs, and total costs all sound similar, but there are significant differences among the three. The main difference is that fixed costs do not ...

Perceived wisdom is that symmetric cryptography won't be affected to any significant degree by quantum, and as long as algorithms with at least 128-bit keys are deployed, they can remain in use. The ...

The UK’s National Cyber Security Centre (NCSC) has urged organizations to completely migrate their systems, services and products to post-quantum cryptography (PQC) by 2035. The new guidance sets out ...

AES-256 encryption operates using a symmetric key encryption system ... which are repeated between rounds, with the difference being that every round uses a new 128-bit key derived from the ...

Sadly, this is what’s happening in the UK in cyber security, where Apple was forced to strip the vital privacy and security protection of end-to-end encryption from its backups storage service ...