In this resonator, the electron bunches are slightly decelerated or further accelerated. "If you time the beam arrival carefully to the radio frequency, the low-energy electrons at the back of the ...

But increasing the area of the resonator also distorts the laser beam, reducing beam quality, explains Kazuki Kuba, a deputy manager at Mitsubishi Electric’s Advanced Technology R&D Centre.

In this resonator, electron bunches are gently decelerated or accelerated. Winkler added, “If you time the beam arrival carefully to the radio frequency, the low-energy electrons at the back of ...

Thus, a beam modulated in intensity over time became a beam moving in space. The oscillation frequency results from the resonator geometry and was 80 MHz. This conversion scheme therefore enables ...