Abiotic factors are non-living chemical and physical elements in the environment, which affect individual organisms as well as ecosystems. Examples are UV, IR and visible light, radiation ...

Urban forests are vital components of city ecosystems, offering a plethora of ecosystem services that significantly contribute to both natural and social ...

Nottingham Forest breaking news, transfer news, opinions from our Forest writers, up-to-the-minute team news, injury and squad latest, fixtures, gossip, player ratings, and match reports from ...

Ocean currents - the North Atlantic Drift (or Gulf Stream) ocean current flows northwards across the Atlantic Ocean, bringing warm water from the Gulf of Mexico. This results in milder winter ...

In this introduction to ecology and evolutionary biology we will cover the topics of interspecific interactions (competition, predation, mutualism), demography and life-history patterns, succession ...

The map shows the distribution of the global ecosystems or biomes.