The need for secret communications arose very early in civilization. It progressed due to the “intellectual arms race” ...

In his 1996 film Looking for Richard, Al Pacino claimed that the works of William Shakespeare are about “how we think and feel today”, and used Richard III, theplaywright’s drama of twisted, ...

if not os.path.exists(input_file): print(f"File {input_file} does not exist. Quitting...") ...

To be concise, a cipher described in the above context refers to the field of cryptography. Cryptography as applied to the control system is the practice and technique for securing data communications ...