After investigation, he was found to have a ventricular septal defect or VSD (hole in the heart) along with severe aortic regurgitation due to the prolapse of the aortic leaflet (caused by the ...

Introduction: Ventricular septal defect (VSD) is a common congenital heart disease (CHD), accounting for 20–30% of all CHD cases. While surgical closure has been the gold standard for treatment, ...

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a type of pulmonary hypertension that causes high blood pressure in the small arteries of the lungs. It is a serious condition that can impair blood flow, ...