The Pelton, Francis and Kaplan turbines are water turbines that are rotary machines which convert kinetic energy and the potential energy of the water into mechanical energy that rotates the shaft to ...

Crib retaining walls are a form of gravity wall. They are constructed of interlocking individual boxes made from timber or pre-cast concrete. Then, the boxes are filled with crushed stone or other ...

Curtain walls are the first structural element that subjected to wind loads. There are cases in which wind loads controls the structural design of curtain walls that may include bluff body ...

What is a Surge Tank? A surge tank is a water storage device used as a pressure neutralizer in a hydropower water conveyance system to resists excess pressure rise and pressure drop conditions. The ...

Formwork (shuttering) in concrete construction is used as a mold for a structure in which fresh concrete is poured only to harden subsequently. Types of concrete formwork construction depends on ...

Structural glass skeletons represent a groundbreaking advancement in architectural engineering, transforming glass from a purely aesthetic feature into a primary load-bearing material. These systems ...

Chameleon glass represents a revolutionary advancement in building materials, utilizing adaptive transparency technology to create windows that automatically adjust their opacity, tint, and thermal ...

As cities face growing risks from vehicle-borne threats, blasts, and seismic shocks, one thing is clear: the future of urban protection won’t look like thick concrete walls or unsightly barriers.

Jointed unreinforced concrete slabs can be used in different applications which include airfield taxiway as it can be seen in Figure-4, airfield aprons see Figure-5, and industrial yard as shown in ...