While all scleractinian corals deposit calcium carbonate skeletons ... coral reef communities. Corals provide refuge to herbivorous fishes. Herbivorous fishes in turn graze on algae that can ...

Although the skeletons can no longer be used for ... Role of symbiotic algae (zooxanthellae) in coral calcification. Biological Bulletin 141, 350-363 (1971). Porter, J. Quantification of loss ...

These corals—species with rigid skeletons, such as elkhorn and ... the role of "grazers"—fish who feed on algae—in keeping ...

If you’re not afraid of ghosts, try visiting the warm, shallow depths of the ocean. What you’ll find there should frighten everyone. Once lush and vibrantly colored, many of these areas are now vast, ...