The actinide series includes the heaviest elements that occur naturally on Earth, and how they bond with ligands is essential ...

The willingness of the 4f orbitals of lanthanide metals to participate in chemical reactions is as rare as their presence in ...

Calcium becomes a +2 ion and each chlorine becomes a -1 ion. The +2 calcium ion and the two -1 chloride ions attract each other and form an ionic bond and the compound calcium chloride. One calcium ...

This “grafting” technique creates a more stable material that is resistant to chemical changes and breakdown. “Instead of mixing in those chemicals, our method involves chemically bonding ...

The opposite is true if we want to make new bonds. Energy is released when new chemical bonds are formed, so bond making is an exothermic process. Breaking or making the same chemical bond will ...

DNA and RNA are composed of nucleotides that are linked to one another in a chain by chemical bonds, called ester bonds, between the sugar base of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of the ...