Along certain parts of the ocean floor lies a bounty of rare minerals and metals, critical components for batteries, electric ...

Iran's folded rocks are a colorful formation that is part of the Greater Caucasus mountains, which formed when the Eurasian tectonic plate collided with the Arabian plate millions of years ago.

Rare earths, on the other hand, have narrower supply chains and are often more difficult to extract, requiring more ...

A photomosaic taken by the Curiosity rover on April 30, 2023, at one drill site in Gale Crater, Mars. Rock powder samples ...