A giant new dinosaur discovered in Spain is rewriting Europe’s prehistoric map—revealing a long-necked titan.

In early fetal development, it forms from two smaller blood vessels, called the dorsal aortae, that join together ... at the level of the twelfth thoracic vertebra (a spot in the upper abdomen). From ...

Kyphosis and lordosis are abnormal curvatures of the spine that can affect posture and mobility. The two conditions differ not only by the location of the spinal curvature but also by their causes, ...

Pterosaur cervical vertebrae had unique specializations ... 2003, Habib & Godfrey 2010, Naish & Witton 2017). Dorsal muscles arranged superficially at the base of the neck and associated with the ...

Some make you feel tired, for example, while others make you feel pain. Some messages are kept within the brain, while others are relayed through the spine and across the body’s vast network of nerves ...

Neurotensin (NT) is an endogenous tridecapeptide in the central nervous system. NT-containing neurons and NT receptors are widely distributed in the spinal dorsal horn (SDH), indicating their possible ...

Thus, the total number of vertebrae reached by the solution, as well as the cranial and caudal progression, calculated from L1, were established to compare the alive dogs and thawed canine cadaver ...