Evidence from hafnium and oxygen isotopes hidden in crystals shows the ... erasing the record of a billion years in one glacial sweep. 'Earth's hidden ocean': Tethys Seaway was the force behind ...

Experimental evidence suggested that microbial activity, low oxygen, and specific seawater ... an analytical model to examine post-glacial seawater lithium isotope ratios. It showed that the ...

The rise of oxygen in the early Earth’s atmosphere remains enigmatic in its timing and extent. Insights from thallium isotopes in Archean ... phases since the Last Glacial Maximum caused a ...