Aims To investigate the prognostic impact of atherosclerotic renovascular disease in patients with chronic heart failure. Conclusions RAS is a common finding in patients suffering from heart ...

It usually presents in one of three forms: asymptomatic renal artery stenosis, renovascular hypertension, or ischemic nephropathy. This complexity often makes diagnostic and management decisions ...

Figure 1: Black-blood imaging of the superficial femoral artery ... utility of TOF-MRA is seriously limited by the long duration of image acquisition and a tendency for stenosis overestimation.

The hypertensive index may predict the likelihood of kidney function improvement following renal revascularization for renal artery stenosis. The hypertensive index may distinguish which patients with ...